Skip to content

Sector deep-dive ·

Power, not policy, is the binding constraint on manufacturing

Industry surveys have said the same thing for a decade. The measured electricity access rate does not capture it, because it counts connections rather than supply.

By ZIX Editorial

Industry desk · 10 min read

Medium confidence
An industrial power plant lit up at night, its structures picked out against the dark

Arlington, VA · American Public Power Association · Unsplash Licence

An industrial power plant lit up at night, its structures picked out against the dark

The published electricity access rate for Zimbabwe has improved substantially over the past decade. Manufacturing capacity utilisation has not. These two facts are not in tension, because the access rate measures whether a premises has a connection, not whether power flows through it.

For a manufacturer, an unreliable connection is worse than no connection, because it requires the capital cost of grid connection plus the capital cost of backup generation plus the operating cost of running the latter at diesel prices.

This is the clearest example on the platform of why a single indicator, read without its definition, misleads. It is also why ZIX publishes the definition alongside the number.

Editorial note: Scaffolding copy written to establish structure, voice and length. Replace before publication.

Sourcing

  • Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries

    Source for the annual Manufacturing Sector Survey, including capacity utilisation. Survey-based and self-reported by member firms, so it skews toward formal, larger manufacturers and away from the informal sector. Valuable as a directional read from inside industry; not a census.

  • World Bank — World Development Indicators

    Primary source for internationally comparable macro series. WDI figures for Zimbabwe are compiled from national accounts supplied by ZIMSTAT and the RBZ, so they inherit those bodies' limitations; the World Bank's contribution is consistency of method across countries and years, not independent measurement. Series are pulled live from the WDI API and carry the vintage the API reports.

Corrections to this piece are logged on the corrections page.

All insights →
  • A large open-pit excavation cut in terraces into bare ground

    Tasmania · Matthew de Livera · Unsplash Licence

    Sector deep-dive · 14 min read

    Zimbabwe's lithium moment, priced honestly

    Export value tripled and then fell by a third. Almost none of that was about Zimbabwe. What the price cycle hides, and what it reveals about the beneficiation strategy.

    ZIX Editorial· 30 Jun 2026